Saturday, 1 August 2015

Motivating for Memory... (Part 2)


The potentially self-efficacy diminishing and consequently demotivating scenarios in the MFL classroom and potential strategies to ensure that students are being motivated by knowledge gaps and not demotivated by knowledge chasms…

Potentially Demotivating Scenarios In The MFL Classroom
Potential Motivating Strategy
Students not knowing where to begin on a written piece.
 
 
Use the ‘Break It Down’ technique7 as described in Teach Like a Champion (Lemov, 2010:88-92) to ‘Provide the missing (or first) step.’8 (Lemov, 2010:91). Depending on the written task, ask something like, “Well, what can we always start with to build a paragraph, the infinitive or a time phrase first?” Give students the option of one right, one wrong as a choice. Then practise the procedures to build a paragraph and get the student to repeat the procedures back to you. Ensure that the student has enough supporting material to help them build language . 
Students finding a reading text too hard. 
 
 
Make the content more accessible to the students to build their confidence and reduce cognitive load. A range of strategies could include; getting the students to write down a set number of words that they do know the meaning of before completing the task (with the teacher emphasising the words that the students do know) and looking the meaning of these up in pairs beforehand, getting the students to complete the task in pairs or as a FLA, practising VFLAs (my own term from Fun Learning Activities for MFL!) with some of the more demanding items of vocabulary to feature in the text beforehand and then practising retrieval until students have more knowledge.
Students finding a listening exercise too hard.
Again, make the content more accessible to the students to build their confidence. A range of strategies could include; playing the sound file more than twice, pausing more often, writing some of the key vocabulary and English on the board as the listening exercise runs so students see what they hear, practising VFLAs with some of the more demanding items of vocabulary to feature in the exercise beforehand and then testing students’ retrieval, using a range of ‘micro-listening strategies’9 (as referred to in Dr Gianfranco Conti’s blog) with the content on the listening task.   
Students getting a word meaning wrong, a verb ending wrong, pronouncing a word incorrectly etc. in front of the class.
Use a similar technique to those of the ‘Rollback’ and ‘Eliminate false choices’ techniques10 (Lemov, 2010:91) as described in the ‘Break It Down’ strategy in Teach Like a Champion to repeat back the student’s language errors to them. Lemov says, ‘…hearing your own error in another’s words is often revealing.’11 (idem) So if a student in French who was learning about infinitives for the first time found ‘boulanger’ in the dictionary and mistakenly thought that it was an infinitive, then eliminate some false choices. For example, saying, “What does ‘boulanger’ mean in English? If it were an infinitive, what would the English meaning always start with? Is there a ‘to’ at the start of the English meaning of ‘boulanger’ in the dictionary? If ‘boulanger’ means ‘baker’ then can I ‘to baker’? Can I go and say ‘I am going to baker’? I can say ‘I am going to bake’ but that’s a different word and it’s got a ‘to’ with it. Does ‘baker’ have a ‘to’ with it in the dictionary? So, therefore, can it be an ‘infinitive’?”
Students receive disappointing feedback on a test.
Avoid letting the student develop the mindset that failure is embarrassing or totally negative. Move the student’s focus on from ‘not being very good at languages’ to perhaps ‘not having been able to recall and apply the language in the correct way this one time’. Model your own past failures when learning languages. Model the skills that you also found difficult. Share in the fact that you also found this part of language-learning difficult when you were their age. Refer to the following line from Willingham, ‘When you fail-and who doesn’t?-let them see you take a positive, learning attitude.’12 (Willingham, 2009:185)    
 
All of this motivating for memory comes back to providing a task with the right level of support which is centred on students plugging their language knowledge gaps and not having to struggle to fill their knowledge chasms. An appreciation and awareness of the students’ language knowledge chasm would seem to be an essential factor in motivating students to learn languages...   

Notes (continued from Part 1)
7 Lemov, D. Teach Like a Champion: 49 Techniques That Put Students On The Path To College, Jossey-Bass, 2010, pp.88-92.

8 Lemov, D. Teach Like a Champion: 49 Techniques That Put Students On The Path To College, Jossey-Bass, 2010, p.91.

10 Lemov, D. Teach Like a Champion: 49 Techniques That Put Students On The Path To College, Jossey-Bass, 2010, pp.91.

11 Lemov, D. Teach Like a Champion: 49 Techniques That Put Students On The Path To College, Jossey-Bass, 2010, pp.91
12 Willingham, D.T. Why Don’t Students Like School?  San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2009, p.185.

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